Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byangiritse nuburyo butandukanye. Hariho ibyiciro bitandatu muri rusange.
Ubwa mbere, ukurikije ibice bigize imiti yibikoresho byangiritse byashyizwe mubikorwa
Irashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho fatizo bya oxyde nibikoresho bitari oxyde. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga bugezweho, ibinyabuzima bimwe na bimwe byahindutse ibikoresho bibanziriza cyangwa ibikoresho byingirakamaro byibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro mwinshi.
Babiri, ukurikije ibice bigize imiti yibikoresho byangiritse byashyizwe mubikorwa
Ukurikije imiterere yimiti, ibikoresho fatizo birwanya umuriro birashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho fatizo birwanya aside, nka silika, zircon, nibindi.; Ibikoresho bidafite aho bibogamiye birwanya umuriro, nka corundum, bauxite (acide), mullite (acide), pyrite (alkaline), grafite, nibindi.; Alkaline yumuriro wibikoresho fatizo, nka magnesia, umucanga wa dolomite, umucanga wa calcium ya magnesia, nibindi.
Bitatu, ukurikije imikorere yumusaruro ibikorwa
Ukurikije uruhare rwayo mugikorwa cyo kongera umusaruro, ibikoresho fatizo byangiritse birashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho fatizo nibikoresho fatizo bifasha.
Ibikoresho nyamukuru ni umubiri wingenzi wibikoresho byangiritse. Ibikoresho fatizo bifasha birashobora kugabanywa mubihuza ninyongera. Imikorere ya binder nugukora umubiri wangiritse ufite imbaraga zihagije mugikorwa cyo gukora no gukoresha. Bikunze gukoreshwa ni sulfite pulp yimyanda, asifalt, resin ya fenolike, sima ya aluminiyumu, sodium silikatike, aside fosifori na fosifate, sulfate, hamwe na bimwe mubikoresho fatizo ubwabyo bifite uruhare rwibikoresho, nkibumba rihujwe; Uruhare rw'inyongeramusaruro ni ugutezimbere umusaruro cyangwa ubwubatsi bwibikoresho bivunika, cyangwa gushimangira ibintu bimwe na bimwe byibikoresho bivunika, nka stabilisateur, kugabanya amazi, inhibitor, plasitike, imiti ikwirakwiza, ikwirakwiza, antioxydeant, nibindi.
Bane, ukurikije imiterere ya aside hamwe nibyiciro fatizo
Ukurikije aside na alkali, ibikoresho fatizo bivunika bishobora kugabanywa cyane mubice bitanu bikurikira.
(1) Ibikoresho fatizo bya acide
Ahanini ibikoresho fatizo bya silice, nka quartz, squamquartz, quartzite, chalcedony, chert, opal, quartzite, umucanga wa silika yera, diatomite, ibi bikoresho fatizo birimo silika (SiO2) byibuze muri hejuru ya 90%, ibikoresho bibisi bifite silika hejuru kugeza hejuru ya 99%. Ibikoresho fatizo bya silisike ni acide mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa chimique, mugihe hari okiside yicyuma, cyangwa mugihe ihuye nibikorwa bya chimique, hanyuma igahuzwa na silicates fusible. Kubwibyo, niba ibikoresho bibisi bya silice birimo aside nkeya ya oxyde, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubirwanya ubushyuhe.
(2) ibikoresho fatizo bya acide
Nibumba ryibumba. Mu byiciro byashize, ibumba ryashyizwe ku rutonde nkibikoresho bya aside, mubyukuri ntibikwiye. Acide yibikoresho fatizo byangiritse bishingiye kuri silika yubusa (SiO2) nkumubiri wingenzi, kuko ukurikije imiterere yimiti yibumba ryangiritse hamwe nibikoresho fatizo bya silisike, silika yubusa mubumba ryangiritse ni bike cyane kuruta ibikoresho fatizo bya silice.
Kuberako hari 30% ~ 45% alumina mubumba rusange ryangiritse, kandi alumina ni gake leta yubuntu, igomba guhuzwa na silika muri kaolinite (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O), niyo haba hari silika nkeya irenze, uruhare ni gito cyane. Kubwibyo, umutungo wa acide wibumba ryangiritse urakomeye cyane ugereranije nibikoresho fatizo bya silice. Abantu bamwe bemeza ko ibumba ryangirika kubushyuhe bwo hejuru ryangirika muri silikate yubusa, alumina yubusa, ariko ntigihinduka, silikate yubusa na alumina yubusa bizahuzwa muri quartz (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) mugihe bizakomeza gushyuha. Quartz ifite aside irwanya aside ya alkaline, kandi kubera ubwiyongere bwa alumina yibumba ryangiritse, ibintu bya aside byagabanutse buhoro buhoro, iyo alumina igeze kuri 50%, alkaline cyangwa idafite aho ibogamiye, cyane cyane ikozwe mumatafari yibumba munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi, ubucucike bwinshi , compact nziza, porosity nkeya, kurwanya alkaline slag irakomeye kuruta silika mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Quartz nayo iratinda cyane ukurikije isuri yayo, bityo rero turabona ko bikwiye gushyira ibumba ryangiritse nka acide-acide. Ibumba ryangirika nicyo kintu cyibanze kandi gikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda.
(3) ibikoresho bibogamye
Ibikoresho bitagira aho bibogamiye ni chromite, grafite, karubide ya silikoni (artificiel), mubihe byubushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose ntibitwara aside cyangwa alkaline. Hano hari ibikoresho bibiri nkibi muri kamere, chromite na grafite. Usibye igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe, hariho ibishushanyo mbonera, ibyo bikoresho fatizo bidafite aho bibogamiye, bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ibishishwa, bikwiranye cyane n’ibikoresho byo kwangirika kwa alkaline hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa aside.
(4) ibikoresho byibanze bya alkaline
Ahanini magnesite (magnesite), dolomite, lime, olivine, inzoka, ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu mwinshi wa ogisijeni (rimwe na rimwe bidafite aho bibogamiye), ibyo bikoresho bibisi bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ibishishwa bya alkaline, ahanini bikoreshwa mu itanura rya alkaline, ariko cyane cyane byoroshye na aside slag ya chimique kandi guhinduka umunyu.
(5) Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo kwanga
Ahanini zirconiya, oxyde ya titanium, oxyde ya beryllium, cerium oxyde, thorium oxyde, okiside yttrium nibindi. Ibi bikoresho fatizo bifite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo kurwanya ubwoko bwose bwa slag, ariko kubera ko isoko yibikoresho itari myinshi, ntishobora gukoreshwa mumubare munini winganda zikora inganda, irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mubihe bidasanzwe, bityo yitwa umuriro udasanzwe kurwanya ibikoresho bibisi.
Bitanu, ukurikije ibisekuru byibikoresho fatizo
Ukurikije ibisekuru byibikoresho fatizo, birashobora kugabanywa mubikoresho fatizo bisanzwe nibikoresho fatizo bya sintetike ibyiciro bibiri.
(1) ibikoresho bisanzwe byangiritse
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byamabuye y'agaciro biracyari umubiri wibanze wibikoresho fatizo. Amabuye y'agaciro aba muri kamere agizwe nibintu bibigize. Kugeza ubu, byagaragaye ko igiteranyo cya ogisijeni, silikoni na aluminiyumu ibintu bitatu bingana na 90% by’ibintu byose biri mu gikonjo, naho imyunyu ngugu ya oxyde, silikate na aluminosilike ifite inyungu zigaragara, nini cyane. ububiko bwibikoresho bisanzwe.
Ubushinwa bufite ibikoresho bikungahaye cyane, ibikoresho bitandukanye. Magnesite, bauxite, grafite nibindi bikoresho bishobora kwitwa inkingi eshatu zibikoresho byubushinwa byangiritse; Magnesite na bauxite, ibigega binini, urwego rwo hejuru; Ibumba ryiza cyane ryo kuvunika ibumba, silika, dolomite, magnesia dolomite, magnesia olivine, inzoka, zircon nibindi bikoresho birakwirakwizwa cyane.
Ubwoko bwibanze bwibikoresho fatizo ni: silika, quartz, diatomite, ibishashara, ibumba, bauxite, ibikoresho bya minisiteri ya cyanite, magnesite, dolomite, hekeste, magnesite olivine, inzoka, talc, chlorite, zircon, plagiozircon, perlite, chromium fer na ibishushanyo mbonera.
Gatandatu ， Ukurikije ibigize imiti, ibikoresho fatizo byangiritse bishobora kugabanywamo:
Guceceka: nka silika ya kristalline, umucanga wa quartz sima ya silika, nibindi.;
② igice cya silice (phyllachite, nibindi)
Ibumba: nk'ibumba rikomeye, ibumba ryoroshye, n'ibindi.; Huza ibumba na clinker y'ibumba
(4) Aluminium ndende: izwi kandi nka jade, nka bauxite ndende, minerval sillimanite;
Magnesium: magnesite;
⑥ Dolomite;
Chromite [(Fe, Mg) O · (Cr, Al) 2O3];
Zircon (ZrO2 · SiO2).
Ibikoresho fatizo bisanzwe mubisanzwe birimo umwanda mwinshi, ibigize ntibihinduka, imikorere ihindagurika cyane, gusa ibikoresho bike bibisi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye, ibyinshi bigomba guhanagurwa, gutondekwa cyangwa no kubarwa kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa mubikoresho byangiritse.
(2) ibikoresho byibanze byo kurwanya umuriro
Ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa mu bikoresho fatizo ni buke, kandi akenshi ntibushobora kuzuza ibisabwa ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kandi buhanitse bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo bishoboke inganda zigezweho. Ibikoresho ngengabihe bya sintetike birashobora kugera byuzuye muburyo bwimiterere yabantu bateganijwe mbere yimiterere yimiterere yimiterere yabantu, imiterere yabyo yera, yuzuye, imiterere yimiti iroroshye kugenzura, kubwibyo rero ireme rihamye, irashobora gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byanonosoye, ningenzi nyamukuru ibikoresho byubuhanga bugezweho nibikoresho byikoranabuhanga bigezweho. Iterambere ryibikoresho byo guhinduranya byihuta cyane mumyaka makumyabiri ishize.
Ibikoresho ngengabihe bya sintetike ni magnesium aluminium spinel, mullite ya sintetike, magnesia yo mu nyanja, magnesium cordierite ya syntetique, corundum yacumuye, aluminium titanate, karbide ya silicon nibindi.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2023
