Ibisabwa muri rusange ku bikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe ku matanura y'amashanyarazi ni ibi bikurikira:
(1) Ubushyuhe bwo guhagarara bugomba kuba buri hejuru. Ubushyuhe bw'umurambararo burenze 4000°C, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukora ibyuma ni 1500~1750°C, rimwe na rimwe bugera kuri 2000°C, bityo ibikoresho bigumana ubushyuhe birakenewe kugira ngo bigire ubushyuhe bwinshi.
(2) Ubushyuhe bwo koroshya ibintu munsi y’umutwaro bugomba kuba buri hejuru. Itanura ry’amashanyarazi rikora mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi igisenge cy’itanura kigomba kwihanganira kwangirika kw’icyuma gishongeshejwe, bityo ibikoresho birekuye birakenewe kugira ngo bigire ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo koroshya ibintu.
(3) Ingufu zo gukanda zigomba kuba nyinshi. Uruhande rw'itanura ry'amashanyarazi rugira ingaruka ku ngaruka z'umuriro mu gihe cyo gukanda, umuvuduko udahinduka w'icyuma gishongeshejwe mu gihe cyo gushonga, kwangirika kw'icyuma mu gihe cyo gukanda, no guhindagura kwa mashini mu gihe cyo gukora. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho birekura birakenewe kugira ngo bigire imbaraga zo gukanda cyane.
(4) Uburyo ubushyuhe butwara umuriro bugomba kuba buto. Kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe butakaza mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi kandi bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe birasabwa kugira ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara umuriro, ni ukuvuga ko ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro bugomba kuba buto.
(5) Ubushyuhe bugomba kuba bwiza. Mu minota mike uhereye igihe ukoze ku byuma bikoresha amashanyarazi kugeza igihe ukoresha amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bugabanuka cyane kuva kuri 1600°C kugera munsi ya 900°C, bityo ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe birakenewe kugira ngo ubushyuhe bube bwiza.
(6) Ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwa ruswa. Mu gihe cyo gukora ibyuma, slag, gaze yo mu itanura n'icyuma gishongeshejwe byose bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bintu bishongeshejwe, bityo ibikoresho bishongeshejwe birakenewe kugira ngo bigire ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa neza.
Guhitamo ibikoresho birwanya inkuta zo ku ruhande
Amatafari ya MgO-C asanzwe akoreshwa mu kubaka inkuta zo ku ruhande rw'amatanura y'amashanyarazi adakoresheje inkuta zikonjesha amazi. Ahantu hashyuha cyane n'imiyoboro y'amatafari bifite imiterere ikomeye cyane. Ntabwo ahinduka gusa n'ingufu zikomeye n'icyuma gishongeshejwe n'amatafari, ndetse akagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga iyo hashyizwemo ibisigazwa, ahubwo anahura n'imirasire y'ubushyuhe iva kuri arc. Kubwibyo, ibi bice byubatswe n'amatafari ya MgO-C afite imikorere myiza cyane.
Ku nkuta zo ku ruhande rw'amatanura y'amashanyarazi afite inkuta zikonjeshwa n'amazi, bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha amazi, umutwaro w'ubushyuhe uriyongera kandi imiterere yo kuyakoresha irushaho kuba ikomeye. Kubwibyo, hagomba gutoranywa amatafari ya MgO-C afite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo gushonga, ubushyuhe budahindagurika kandi afite ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe. Ingano ya karuboni yayo ni 10% ~ 20%.
Ibikoresho birekura inkuta zo ku ruhande rw'amatanura y'amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi
Inkuta zo ku ruhande rw'amatanura y'amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi (UHP) zubakwa cyane cyane n'amatanura ya MgO-C, naho ahantu hashyushye n'ahantu hashyirwa slag zubakwa n'amatanura ya MgO-C afite imikorere myiza cyane (nk'amatanura ya MgO-C yuzuye). Bituma ubuzima bwayo burushaho kuba bwiza cyane.
Nubwo umutwaro w'inkuta z'itanura wagabanutse bitewe n'impinduka mu mikorere y'itanura ry'amashanyarazi, biracyagoye ko ibikoresho birwanya ihindagurika ry'umuriro byongera igihe cyo gukoresha ahantu hashyushye iyo bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gushongesha itanura rya UHP. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha amazi ryarateguwe kandi rikoreshwa. Ku itanura ry'amashanyarazi rikoresha EBT, ahantu ho gukonjesha amazi hagera kuri 70%, bityo bigabanyiriza cyane ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho birwanya ihindagurika. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukonjesha amazi risaba amatafari ya MgO-C afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwiza. Asphalt, amatafari ya magnesia afatanye na resin na MgO-C (ibipimo bya karuboni 5%-25%) bikoreshwa mu kubaka inkuta zo ku ruhande rw'itanura ry'amashanyarazi. Mu gihe cy'ingufu zikomeye, hongerwamo antioxydants.
Ku bice bikunze kwangirika cyane n’ingaruka za redox, amatafari ya MgO-C afite magnesite nini ya crystalline nk'ibikoresho fatizo, ingano ya karuboni irenga 20%, na matrix yuzuye ya karuboni ikoreshwa mu bwubatsi.
Iterambere riheruka ry’amatafari ya MgO-C yo mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi rya UHP ni ugukoresha amatafari y’ubushyuhe bwinshi hanyuma agashyirwamo asphalt kugira ngo hakorwe amatafari ya MgO-C y’ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nkuko bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 2, ugereranije n’amatafari atarashyirwamo asphalt, ingano ya karuboni isigaye mu matafari ya MgO-C y’ubushyuhe nyuma yo gushyirwamo asphalt no kongeramo asphalt yiyongeraho hafi 1%, porosity igabanukaho 1%, kandi imbaraga zo kuzunguruka ku bushyuhe bwinshi n’ubudahangarwa bw’umuvuduko ni byo. Imbaraga zarushijeho kuzamuka cyane, bityo ziramba cyane.
Ibikoresho birwanya manyeziyumu ku nkuta z'inyuma z'itanura ry'amashanyarazi
Uduce tw’umuriro w’amashanyarazi dushyirwamo ibice bibiri: alkaline na aside. Utwa mbere dukoresha ibikoresho birwanya alkaline (nk'ibikoresho birwanya MgO-CaO) nk'urupapuro rw’umuriro, mu gihe utwa kabiri dukoresha amatafari ya silica, umucanga wa quartz, icyondo cyera, nibindi kugira ngo twubake utwo duce tw’umuriro.
Icyitonderwa: Ku bikoresho byo mu itanura, amatanura y'amashanyarazi ya alkaline akoresha ibikoresho birwanya alkaline, naho amatanura y'amashanyarazi akomoka kuri aside agakoresha ibikoresho birwanya aside.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2023
