Amakuru

Mu isi y’inganda zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, gushaka ibikoresho byizewe bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, ingese, no kwangirika ni ingenzi cyane. Aho nihoikirundo cyo gukubita(izwi kandi nka ramming mix) iraje. Iyi mashini idafite ishusho y’ingufu, ikozwe mu bikoresho binini birwanya ingufu, ifu, n’ibindi bikoresho, yabaye igice cy’ingenzi mu nganda nyinshi. Reka turebere hamwe ikoreshwa ryayo ry’ingenzi n’impamvu ari amahitamo meza ku bucuruzi ku isi yose.

1. Ubuhanga mu by'Ibyuma: Umugongo w'Ikorwa ry'Ibyuma n'Ibyuma

Inganda zikora ibyuma zishingira cyane ku gukurura ibyuma kugira ngo ibikorwa bikomeze kugenda neza. Imwe mu mikoreshereze yabyo y'ibanze ni mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu itanura. Amatafari gakondo ya manyeziyumu yahoze akoreshwa, ariko manyeziyumu ikoresha manyeziyumu yarayafashe. Ishobora gukururwa neza mu rukuta rw'imbere rw'itanura, igakora urwego rudafite umugozi kandi rurerure. Uru rwego rurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 1,800°C) ndetse n'ingufu z'icyuma cyashongeshejwe.

Ingano y'ibyuma bishongeshwa kandi ikora nk'"umurinzi" w'inyangamugayo w'imiyoboro y'icyuma (imiyoboro itwara icyuma gishongeshwa). Icyuma gishongeshwa kirakomeye cyane kandi cyangiza, ariko ingano y'ibyuma bishongeshwa, hamwe n'umubare munini wa alumina, irakomera. Irinda amazi gusohoka no kwangirika, bigatuma icyuma gikomeza gutemba. Iyo bitabaye ibyo, gusana imiyoboro kenshi byahagarika umusaruro kandi bikongera amafaranga akoreshwa.

2. Inganda zikora imiti: Guteza imbere umutekano mu ngaruka zikomeye

Mu nganda zikora imiti, aho amatanura akoreshwa mu bikorwa nko gukora imiti no gushyushya ibikoresho, uburemere bwa ramming ni umufatanyabikorwa wizewe. Ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu kubaka amatanura. Mu kubaka amatanura ya shimi, uburemere bwa ramming bukoreshwa mu gushyira imbere mu gice cy'imbere. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira ubushyuhe butuma ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu itanura bugumana ubushyuhe buhamye, mu gihe kurwanya isuri ya shimi birinda imiterere y'itanura.
Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zo gushongesha ibyuma ni ingirakamaro mu gusana ibikoresho byo gushongesha ibyuma. Ibikoresho byo gushongesha ibyuma n'ibikombe (bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibikoresho bishongeshwa) bikunze kugira imyobo nyuma yo kubikoresha kenshi. Aho kubisimbuza (bihenze), imbaraga zo gushongesha ibyuma zishobora gukoreshwa mu kuzuza imyobo. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gusana icyiciro cy'icyuma gifite imbaraga zo gushongesha ibyuma bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ho 70% kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'icyiciro ho 40%.

3. Izindi nzego z'inganda: Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

Uburemere bw'ibirahure ntibugarukira gusa ku byuma n'ibinyabutabire gusa—buragaragara no mu zindi nzego. Mu matanura y'ibirahure, ikoreshwa mu gushyira ahantu hahurira n'ibirahure bishongeshejwe. Ibirahure bishongeshejwe birashyuha cyane kandi birangiza, ariko uburemere bw'ibirahure bishongeshejwe (bifite silika nke) burwanya isuri, bigatuma ubwiza bw'ibirahure buguma buri ku rugero rumwe.

Mu gushonga ibyuma bidakoresha icyuma (nk'umusaruro wa aluminiyumu n'umuringa), gushonga ibyuma byongera imikorere y'itanura. Birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubwiyongere bw'icyuma gishongeshejwe. Ku mashini ishongesha aluminiyumu muri Ositaraliya, guhindura icyuma gishongesha ibyuma byongera imikorere y'itanura ho 20%, kuko ubushyuhe buke buva mu gitereko.

4. Kuki wahitamo misa nziza yo gukaraba?

Kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza, guhitamo ingano nziza yo gucuruza ni ingenzi. Shaka ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu bikoresho fatizo by’igiciro cyinshi (nk’ibikomoka kuri alumina cyangwa magnesium oxide), inzira zihamye zo gukora (kugira ngo umenye neza ko bihuye), hamwe n’ibirango byizewe bifite serivisi nziza nyuma yo kugurisha. Umucuruzi wizewe azatanga ibisubizo byihariye hakurikijwe ibyo uruganda rwawe rukeneye.

Umwanzuro

Ingufu zo gushongesha zishobora kuba atari zo zizwi cyane, ariko zihindura ibintu ku nganda zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kuva ku byuma kugeza ku binyabutabire, no ku birahure kugeza ku byuma bidakoresha feri, biramba, bigabanya ikiguzi, kandi bikongera imikorere. Uko inganda zigenda zihinduka, ingufu zo gushongesha zizakomeza guhinduka—bigatuma biba ishoramari ry’igihe kirekire ku bucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Witeguye kuvugurura imikorere y’inganda zawe? Hitamo ingufu zo gushongesha zikoresha feri uyu munsi!