Mu rwego rw'amatanura yo mu nganda ashyushye cyane (nk'amamashini ahindura ibyuma, amatanura, n'amatanura ashyuha),amatafari ya manyeziyumu karuboniBigaragara nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi birwanya ingese, bitewe nuko birwanya ingese neza, ubushyuhe bwinshi burambye, ndetse no kudashyuha cyane. Uburyo bwo gukora aya matafari ni uruvange rukomeye rw'ikoranabuhanga n'ubuziranenge—buri ntambwe igena neza ubwiza bw'umusaruro. Hasi, turakwereka uburyo bwose bwo gukora amatafari ya manyeziyumu karubone, tukwereka uburyo twemeza ko buri tafari ryujuje ibisabwa mu nganda.
1. Guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo: Ishingiro ry'amatafari ya karuboni ya manyeziyumu meza cyane
Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo ni wo murongo wa mbere w'uburinzi ku mikorere y'amatafari ya manyeziyumu. Twubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye yo guhitamo kugira ngo buri gice cyujuje ibisabwa byo hejuru:
Igiteranyo cya Magnesia gifite isuku nyinshi:Dukoresha magnesia ivanze cyangwa magnesia ivanze ifite MgO irenga 96%. Ibi bikoresho fatizo biha amatafari ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi no kurwanya ingese, bihangana neza no kwangirika kw'icyuma gishongeshejwe n'ibisigazwa mu itanura.
Isoko ya karuboni yo mu rwego rwo hejuru:Grafiti karemano y’ibice bya karuboni ingana na 90% cyangwa hejuru. Imiterere yayo y’ibice byongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubushyuhe bw’amatafari, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika bitewe n’impinduka z’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukoresha itanura.
Icyuma cyo gufunga cy’igiciro cyinshi:Resine ya phenolic (yahinduwe kugira ngo ikomeze ubushyuhe bwinshi) ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gufatanya. Ituma magnesia na grafiti bifatanya neza, mu gihe yirinda guhindagurika cyangwa kubora mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'itafari.
Inyongeramusaruro:Harimo uduce duto twa antioxydants (nk'ifu ya aluminiyumu, ifu ya silikoni) n'ibikoresho byo gusya kugira ngo birinde oxidation ya grafiti no kongera ubucucike bw'amatafari. Ibikoresho byose fatizo bikorerwa isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge inshuro eshatu kugira ngo haveho imyanda ishobora kugabanya imikorere.
2. Gusya no Guteranya: Kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce tw'ibice kugira ngo habeho imiterere imwe
Ingano y'uduce duto ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ubucucike n'imbaraga by'amatafari ya manyeziyumu karuboni. Iki cyiciro gikurikiza ibipimo bya tekiniki bikomeye:
Uburyo bwo gusya:Ubwa mbere, utubumbe tunini twa magnesia na grafiti bisyamo uduce duto hakoreshejwe imashini zisya imikaya n'imashini zisya imikaya. Umuvuduko wo gusya ugenzurwa kuri 20-30 rpm kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi no kwangiza imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo.
Gusuzuma no gushyira mu byiciro:Ibikoresho byasheshwe bishyirwa ku rukuta runyura mu tumashini duto duhindagurika (dufite ingano ya mm 5, mm 2, na mm 0.074) kugira ngo bitandukanywemo uduce duto (mm 3-5), uduce duto (mm 1-2), uduce duto (mm 0.074-1), n'ifu nziza cyane (
Guhuza ingano y'ibinure:Ingano zitandukanye z’uduce duto zivanze mu cyuma gikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi mu gihe cy’iminota 10-15 ku muvuduko wa rpm 800. Ibi byemeza ko buri gice cy’uduce duto gifite imiterere ihamye, bigashyiraho urufatiro rw’ubucucike bw’amatafari bungana.
3. Kuvanga no gukaranga: Kugera ku bufatanye bukomeye hagati y'ibice
Icyiciro cyo kuvanga no gukaranga kigena imbaraga zo guhuza ibikoresho fatizo. Dukoresha imashini zigezweho zo kuvanga ibintu bibiri kandi tugagenzura neza imiterere y’ibikorwa:
Kuvanga ibikoresho byumye mbere yo kubivanga:Ibice bito, biciriritse n'ibito bito bibanza kuvangwa byumye mu gihe cy'iminota 5 kugira ngo buri gice gikwirakwizwe neza. Iyi ntambwe yirinda ubwinshi bwa karuboni cyangwa magnesia mu gace runaka, bishobora guteza itandukaniro mu mikorere.
Kongeramo Binder no Gukanya:Resine ya phenolic yahinduwe (ishyushye kugeza kuri dogere 40-50°C kugira ngo irusheho kuba nziza) yongerwa ku mvange yumye, hanyuma hagakurikiraho iminota 20-25 yo gukaranga. Ubushyuhe bw'umuvangi buguma kuri dogere 55-65°C, kandi igitutu kigenzurwa kuri dogere 0.3-0.5 MPa—ibi bituma umuvangi upfunyika neza buri gice, bigatuma habaho imiterere ihamye ya "magnesia-grafiti-binder".
Isuzuma ry’uburyo ibintu bihora bihinduka:Nyuma yo gukaranga, ubuziranenge bw'uruvange bupimwa buri minota 10. Ubuziranenge bukwiye ni 30-40 (bupimwe hakoreshejwe metero isanzwe y'ubuziranenge); iyo byumye cyane cyangwa bitose cyane, igipimo cyo gukaranga cyangwa igihe cyo gukaranga kirahindurwa mu gihe nyacyo.
4. Gutunganya Imashini: Gushushanya Umuvuduko Ukabije w'Ubucucike n'Imbaraga
Gukoresha imashini zicana ni intambwe ituma amatafari ya manyeziyumu karuboni aba meza kandi bigatuma habaho ubucucike bwinshi. Dukoresha imashini zicana zikoresha hydraulic zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigenga umuvuduko neza:
Gutegura ifu:Ibyuma byihariye (bikurikije ibisabwa n’abakiriya ku bunini bw’amatafari, nka 230×114×65mm cyangwa ingano zihariye) bisukurwa kandi bigasigwa n’ikintu gisohora kugira ngo hirindwe ko uruvange rufata ku ibyuma.
Gukanda Umuvuduko Ukabije:Uruvange rwavanzwe rusukwa mu ibumba, hanyuma imashini ikoresha ingufu za hydraulic ikoresha umuvuduko wa 30-50 MPa. Umuvuduko wo gukanda ushyirwa kuri 5-8 mm/s (gukanda buhoro buhoro kugira ngo hakurweho utubumbe tw’umwuka) kandi bikamara amasegonda 3-5. Ubu buryo butuma ubucucike bw’amatafari bugera kuri 2.8-3.0 g/cm³, hamwe n’umuvuduko uri munsi ya 8%.
Gusenya no kugenzura:Nyuma yo gukanda, amatafari ahita asenywa kandi agasuzumwa niba nta busembwa buri hejuru (nk'imiturire, impande zitangana). Amatafari afite ubusembwa ahita yangwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko yinjira mu buryo bukurikira.
5. Gutunganya ubushyuhe (Gutunganya): Kongera uburyo bwo guhuza no guhagarara neza
Gukoresha ubushyuhe (gutunganya) byongera imbaraga zo gufatanya kw'icyuma gifunga kandi bigakuraho ibintu bihindagurika mu matafari. Dukoresha amatanura yo mu miyoboro y'amazi akoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe neza:
Gushyushya mu buryo burambuye: Amatafari ashyirwa mu itanura ry'umuyoboro, kandi ubushyuhe buzamuka buhoro buhoro:
20-80°C (amasaha 2):Guhindura ubushuhe bwo hejuru;
80-150℃ (amasaha 4):Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gutwika resin mbere y’igihe;
150-200°C (amasaha 6):Guhuza no gukosora resin neza;
200-220°C (amasaha 3):Gutuza inyubako y'amatafari.
Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kigenzurwa kuri 10-15℃ / isaha kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bushobora kwangirika.
Gukuraho ibiyobyabwenge bihindagurika:Mu gihe cyo gushya, ibice bihinduka (nk'udusimba duto twa molekile) bisohoka binyuze mu itanura, bigatuma imiterere y'imbere y'itafari iba ikomeye kandi idafite ububobere.
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha: Nyuma yo gukonjesha, amatafari akonjeshwa kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba ku kigero cya 20°C/isaha. Gukonjesha vuba birindwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ubushyuhe.
6. Nyuma yo gutunganya no kugenzura ubuziranenge: Kugenzura ko buri tafari ryujuje ibisabwa
Icyiciro cya nyuma cy'umusaruro kibanda ku gutunganya neza no gupima ubuziranenge neza kugira ngo buri tafari rya manyeziyumu karuboni ryujuje ibisabwa mu nganda:
Gusya no Gukata:Amatafari afite impande zitangana arasenywa hakoreshejwe imashini zisya za CNC, kugira ngo ikosa ry’ingano ribe riri hagati ya mm ± 0.5. Amatafari afite ishusho yihariye (nk'amatafari afite ishusho nk'iy'umurambararo ku bahindura) atunganywa hakoreshejwe amashami 5 y'imashini zitunganya kugira ngo ahuze n'urukuta rw'imbere rw'itanura.
Isuzuma ry’Ubuziranenge risesuye:Buri tsinda ry'amatafari rikorerwa ibizamini 5 by'ingenzi:
Ikizamini cy'ubucucike n'ubuso bw'umuraba:Ukoresheje uburyo bwa Archimedes, menya neza ko ubucucike bw'umubyimba ari ≥2.8 g/cm³ n'ubuso bw'umubyimba ari ≤8%.
Ikizamini cy'imbaraga zo gukanda:Gerageza imbaraga zo gukanda kw'itafari (≥25 MPa) ukoresheje imashini ipima ikoreshwa mu buryo bwose.
Ikizamini cyo kurwanya impanuka y'ubushyuhe:Nyuma y’amasaha 10 yo gushyushya (1100℃) no gukonjesha (ubushyuhe bw’icyumba), reba niba hari imiturire (nta miturire igaragara yemewe).
Ikizamini cyo kurwanya ingese:Gabanya imiterere y'itanura kugira ngo ugerageze uburyo amatafari arwanya isuri yashongeshejwe (igipimo cy'isuri ≤0.5mm/h).
Isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire:Koresha spectrometry ya X-ray fluorescence kugira ngo urebe ingano ya MgO (≥96%) n'ingano ya karuboni (8-12%).
Gupakira no Kubika:Amatafari yujuje ibisabwa apfunyikwa mu makarito adatonyanga cyangwa mu mapaki y’ibiti, apfunyitsemo agapira kadatonyanga amazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yatonyanga mu gihe cyo kuyatwara. Buri paki ifite inomero y’itsinda, itariki yo kuyatunganya, n’icyemezo cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo harebwe niba byakurikiranwa.
Kuki twahitamo amatafari yacu ya Magnesium Carbon?
Uburyo bwacu bwo gukora ibintu buhamye (kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gutunganya nyuma) butuma amatafari yacu ya manyeziyumu agira umusaruro mwiza mu itanura rikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Byaba ari ibikoresho bihindura ibyuma, amacupa, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibicuruzwa byacu bishobora:
Ihangane n’ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1800℃ nta koroshye cyangwa ngo ihinduke.
Irinde icyuma gishongeshejwe n’isuri y’ibishishwa, byongere igihe cyo gukora itanura ho 30%+.
Gabanya inshuro zo kubungabunga no gukoresha ibikoresho ku bakiriya.
Dutanga ibisubizo byihariye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'itanura ryawe, ingano yaryo, n'imiterere y'imikorere yaryo. Twandikire uyu munsi kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukora amatafari ya manyeziyumu cyangwa ubone ikiguzi cy'ubuntu!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-29-2025
