Amatafari ya Magnesia Carbon: Umuti w'ingenzi wo gukurura imirasire ku byuma binini

Mu nganda zikora ibyuma, ikiyiko cy'icyuma ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi gitwara, gifata, kandi kigafata ibyuma bishongeshejwe hagati y'ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gukora. Imikorere yacyo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'icyuma, imikorere myiza y'umusaruro, n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere. Ariko, icyuma gishongeshejwe kigera ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 1600°C cyangwa birenga, kandi kinagira ingaruka ku bintu bishongeshejwe cyane, isuri y'imashini, n'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe—bitera imbogamizi zikomeye ku bikoresho bishongeshejwe ku kiyiko cy'icyuma. Aha nihoamatafari ya manyeziyumu karuboni(Amatafari ya MgO-C) agaragara nk'igisubizo cy'ingenzi, atanga kuramba no kwizerwa ku buryo budasanzwe mu mikorere y'inkongoro z'icyuma.

Impamvu Amatafari ya Magnesium Carbon ari ingenzi ku byuma bikoreshwa mu gukata amatafari

Amatafari y'icyuma akenera ibikoresho birwanya ubukana bishobora kwihanganira imimerere mibi cyane bitabangamiye imikorere. Amatafari gakondo arwanya ubukana akunze kunanirwa guhaza ibyo bisabwa, bigatuma asimburwa kenshi, akazi kadakora neza, ndetse n'ibiciro byiyongera. Ariko, amatafari ya manyeziyumu karubone ahuza imbaraga za magnesiamu yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (MgO) na grafiti kugira ngo bikemure buri kibazo cy'ingenzi cy'amatafari y'icyuma:

1. Ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi

Magnesia, igice cy'ingenzi cy'amatafari ya MgO-C, ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushonga bwa dogere selisiyusi 2,800—irenze cyane ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'icyuma gishongeshejwe. Iyo ihujwe na grafiti (ikintu gifite ubushyuhe buhamye), amatafari ya manyeziyumu karuboni agumana imiterere yayo nubwo yamara igihe kirekire ashyizwe mu cyuma gishongeshejwe cya dogere selisiyusi 1,600+. Uku kudakomera kw'amatafari birinda koroha, guhinduka cyangwa gushonga, bigatuma ikirahure cy'icyuma gikomeza kuba cyiza kandi gikora neza igihe kirekire.

2. Ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya ingese mu buryo buhanitse​

Ibyuma byashongeshejwe biherekejwe n'ibisigazwa—ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa bikungahaye kuri okiside (nka SiO₂, Al₂O₃, na FeO) bihumanya cyane ibintu birenza urugero. Magnesia mu matafari ya MgO-C ihura gato n'ibi bisazwa, igakora urwego rurerure kandi rudashobora kwinjiramo ku matafari rubuza ibindi bisazwa kwinjira. Bitandukanye n'amatafari ya alumina-silika, yoroshye kwangirika bitewe n'ibisigazwa bya aside cyangwa by'ibanze, amatafari ya magnesium karuboni agumana ubunini bwayo, bigabanya ibyago byo kuvamo kw'amatafari.

3. Ubudahangarwa bwiza cyane n'ubushyuheEse?

Indabyo z'icyuma zishyushya kenshi (kugira ngo zifate icyuma gishongeshejwe) kandi zikonje (mu gihe cyo kuzisana cyangwa igihe zidakora)—inzira itera impanuka y'ubushyuhe. Iyo ibikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe, biracika, bigatera kwangirika vuba. Graphite mu matafari ya manyeziyumu karuboni ikora nk'"umuyoboro w'amazi," ikagabanya ubushyuhe kandi ikarinda ko habaho imivuniko. Ibi bivuze ko amatafari ya MgO-C ashobora kwihanganira ibihe amagana byo gushyushya no gukonjesha adatakaje imikorere, bigatuma ubuzima bw'inndabyo z'icyuma burushaho kuba bwiza.​

4. Igabanuka ry'ikiguzi cyo kwangirika no kubungabunga

Gushira kw'imashini bitewe no gukurura icyuma gishongeshejwe, kugenda kw'inkombe, no gukurura ibishishwa ni ikindi kibazo gikomeye ku bikoresho byo gushyushya inkeri. Amatafari ya manyeziyumu afite imbaraga nyinshi mu byuma no gukomera, bitewe n'uko ibinyampeke bya magnesia na grafiti bifatanya. Uku kuramba kugabanya kwangirika kw'amatafari, bigatuma inkeri ikora igihe kirekire hagati yo gushyushya. Ku nganda z'ibyuma, ibi bivuze ko igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka, amafaranga make y'abakozi yo gusimbuza inkeri, ndetse n'ingengabihe ihoraho yo gukora.

Ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi ry'amatafari ya manyeziyumu mu byuma

Amatafari ya manyeziyumu karuboni si igisubizo kimwe gikwiranye na byose—akozwe ku bice bitandukanye by'icyuma gikozwemo hashingiwe ku rugero runaka rw'umuvuduko:

Inkingi yo hasi n'inkuta:Inkuta zo hasi n'izo hasi z'ikiyiko zihura n'ibyuma bishongeshejwe n'ibisigazwa by'amazi igihe kirekire. Aha, amatafari ya manyeziyumu karuboni (afite ubucucike bwa 10-20%) akoreshwa mu kurwanya ingese no kwangirika.

Umurongo w'Indabyo zo mu Ruti:Umurongo w’ibisigazwa ni wo ukunze kwibasirwa cyane, kuko uhora uhura n’ibisigazwa byangiza ndetse n’ubushyuhe bwinshi. Amatafari meza ya manyeziyumu karuboni (afite grafiti nyinshi hamwe n’ibisigazwa by’uturemangingo nka Al cyangwa Si) arashyirwa hano kugira ngo akoreshwe neza.

Akabuto k'Indabyo n'Umwobo wo Gufataho:Utu duce dukeneye amatafari afite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi arwanya isuri kugira ngo icyuma gishongeshwe gitemba neza. Amatafari yihariye ya MgO-C afite magnesia nziza akoreshwa mu gukumira kuziba no kongera igihe cyo gukoresha utuzu.​

Ibyiza ku nganda z'ibyuma: Birenze gukomera​

Guhitamo amatafari ya manyeziyumu ya karuboni yo gushyiramo imigozi y'icyuma bitanga inyungu zifatika ku bakora ibyuma:

Ubwiza bw'icyuma buteye imbere:Mu gukumira isuri iterwa n’ubushyuhe, amatafari ya MgO-C agabanya ibyago byo kwanduza uduce duterwa n’ubushyuhe mu byuma bishongeshejwe—bituma habaho imiterere ihamye y’ibinyabutabire kandi hagasigara inenge nke mu byuma birangiye.​

Kuzigama Ingufu:Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa grafiti mu matafari ya MgO-C bufasha kugumana ubushyuhe mu gikombe, bigabanya gukenera kongera gushyushya icyuma gishongeshejwe. Ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.​
Igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha urukiramende: Ugereranyije, utwuma duto twa manyeziyumu tumarana inshuro 2-3 ugereranije n'utwuma dusanzwe duto. Ku rukiramende rusanzwe rw'icyuma, bivuze ko rugomba kongera gusimburwa rimwe gusa mu mezi 6-12, ugereranije n'inshuro 2-3 mu mwaka hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho.

Hitamo amatafari ya kaboni meza ya manyeziyumu ku nkono zawe z'icyuma

Amatafari yose ya manyeziyumu karuboni ntabwo agereranywa. Kugira ngo wongere umusaruro, shakisha ibicuruzwa bifite:

Magnesia ifite isuku nyinshi (95%+ MgO) kugira ngo ikomeze kurwanya ingese.

Grafiti nziza cyane (umuvu muke) kugira ngo irusheho kwihanganira ubushyuhe.

Ibintu bigezweho byo guhuza amatafari n’ibirwanya okisidanti mu kongera imbaraga z’amatafari no gukumira okisidasiyo ya grafiti.

At Shandong Robert Refractory, twibanda ku gukora amatafari meza ya manyeziyumu karubone yagenewe gukoreshwa mu byuma bikoreshwa mu gupima. Ibicuruzwa byacu bigenzurwa cyane—kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku igeragezwa rya nyuma—kugira ngo bigenzure ko byujuje ibisabwa bikomeye mu gukora ibyuma. Waba ukoresha uruganda ruto rw'icyuma cyangwa uruganda runini rukora ibikoresho, dushobora gutanga ibisubizo byihariye kugira ngo tugabanye ikiguzi cyawe kandi twongere umusaruro.​

Twandikire Uyu Munsi​

Witeguye kuvugurura uburyo amatafari yawe y'icyuma akoreshwa mu gukaraba amatafari ya manyeziyumu? Vugana n'itsinda ryacu ry'inzobere mu gukaraba amatafari kugira ngo muganire ku byo ukeneye, mubone ikiguzi cyihariye, cyangwa mumenye byinshi ku buryo amatafari ya MgO-C ashobora guhindura imikorere yanyu yo gukora ibyuma.