Ifite aluminiyumu nyinshi ikoreshwa mu gutwika: Imiterere y'ingenzi n'imikoreshereze y'inganda

Ku bikorwa by’inganda birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho byizewe byo kugabanya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibikoresho birambe kandi bigire umutekano.Ishobora gushonga cyane idafite alumina nyinshi—ifite alumina iri hagati ya 45%–90%—igaragara nk'amahitamo meza, bitewe n'imikorere yayo idasanzwe mu duce dushyuha cyane. Hasi aha hari incamake y'imiterere yayo y'ingenzi n'ikoreshwa ryayo.

1. Imiterere y'ingenzi y'ibikoresho bicukurwaho aluminiyumu nyinshi

1.1 Ubudahangarwa bukomeye bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Igumana ubuziranenge bw'inyubako ku bushyuhe bwa 1600–1800℃ mu gihe kirekire (ifite ubudahangarwa bw'igihe gito ku mpinga ndende), irusha izindi mashini zikoresha alumina nkeya. Ku bikorwa bya saa 24/7 nko gukora ibyuma cyangwa sima, ibi bigabanya ifungwa ry'ibikoresho kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubibungabunga.

1.2 Imbaraga z'ubukanishi zihebuje

Ifite imbaraga zo gukanda za MPa 60–100 ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, ikora ku buremere n'ibikoresho byinshi idacikagurika. Icy'ingenzi ni uko igumana imbaraga mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, ikarwanya ubushyuhe—ni nziza cyane ku itanura rishongesha ibirahuri aho ubushyuhe buhindagurika, bigagabanya ihungabana ry'ibikoresho bihenze.

1.3 Kurwanya isuri n'ubushyuhe
Imiterere yayo ikomeye yihanganira isuri ya shimi (urugero: imyuka ishongeshejwe, imyuka ishaje) ndetse n'iy'umubiri. Mu byuma bihindura ibyuma, irwanya icyuma gishongeshejwe gitemba vuba; mu byuma bitwika imyanda, irinda imyuka ishaje ishaje, bigabanura ikiguzi cyo gusana.

1.4 Gushyiramo byoroshye no gukoresha ibintu byinshi
Nk'ifu nini, ivanga n'amazi/igifunga mu gikoresho gisukwa, igashyiramo imiterere idasanzwe (urugero, ibyumba by'ifuru byihariye) amatafari yakozwe mbere adashobora guhura na byo. Ikora uruhande rw'imbere rudafite umugozi, ikuraho "gusohoka k'umuriro" kandi igakwirana n'inyubako nshya cyangwa izindi nshya.

2. Porogaramu z'ingenzi mu nganda

2.1 Ibyuma n'Ubucuruzi bw'Ibyuma

Ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu itanura riturika (bosh/hearth, >1700℃), ibikoresho byo mu itanura rikoresha amashanyarazi (EAF), n'ibikombe—birwanya isuri n'ubushyuhe. Nanone ikoresha ibikoresho byo mu itanura bihindura imiterere y'icyuma kugira ngo bishongeshwe muri aluminiyumu/umuringa.

2.2 Sima n'Ikirahure
Ni byiza cyane mu bice bitwikirwamo sima (1450–1600℃) n'ibikoreshwa mu gushyushya mbere y'igihe, bihangana n'ubushyuhe bwa clinker. Mu gukora ibirahure, bihambira ibigega bishongesha (1500℃), birwanya ingese y'ibirahure bishongeshejwe.

2.3 Gutunganya amashanyarazi n'imyanda
Ishyira mu buryo amatanura y’amakara (arwanya ivu ry’ibisazi) n’ibyumba byo gutwika imyanda (bihangana n’ubushyuhe bwa 1200℃ n’ibikomoka kuri aside), bigamije gukora neza kandi mu gihe gito.

2.4 Ibinyabutabire bya peteroli n'ibinyabutabire
Ishyiramo ibicanwa by'umuyaga (1600°C, byo gukora ethylene) n'amatanura yokeje (urugero: ifumbire), bihangana n'umwuka wa hydrocarbon n'imiti ihumanya.