Ku bijyanye n'ahantu hashyuha cyane—kuva ku ziko ry'inganda kugeza ku mashyiga yo mu ngo—hari ikintu kimwe kigaragara nk'inkingi y'ingenzi mu miterere y'inyubako:ibumba rikora ibumbaIyi sima yihariye yagenewe kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, isuri n'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe, ni ikintu kirenze kure "kole" y'amatafari arwanya ubushyuhe. Ni ikintu cy'ingenzi gitanga umutekano, imikorere myiza, no kuramba mu bikorwa aho sima zisanzwe zangirika. Waba uri mu nganda, ubwubatsi, cyangwa ukorera mu gutunganya inzu yawe, gusobanukirwa imikoreshereze n'akamaro k'isima irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi bishobora guhindura imishinga yawe ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Mbere na mbere, amatanura n'amatanura ni byo bibuga by'ibanze byo gukiniramo amatanura akoreshwa mu ibumba. Mu nganda zikora ibyuma, mu nganda zikora ibirahure, mu nganda zikora sima, no mu nganda zikora ibumba, amatanura akora ku bushyuhe burenga 1.000°C (1.832°F) mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi cyangwa iminsi myinshi. Amatanura asanzwe ya sima ya Portland arashonga cyangwa agashonga ku rugero nk'urwo, bigatuma inyubako igwa nabi, amazi ava, kandi agatwara igihe kinini. Ariko, amatanura akoreshwa mu ibumba akoreshwa mu ibumba, silika, n'ibindi bintu bikoreshwa mu gushonga bigumana imbaraga n'imiterere yabyo kuri ubu bushyuhe bwinshi. Bifunga icyuho kiri hagati y'amatanura akoreshwa mu gushonga, bikarinda ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanya ingufu kugeza kuri 30%. Ku bakora mu nganda, ibi bivuze ko bigabanya amafaranga y'ingufu, kugabanya ibibazo byo kubungabunga, no kubahiriza amahame y'umutekano akomeye.
Uretse inganda zikomeye, ibumba rihindura ibara ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bushyuhe bw'ubucuruzi n'ubw'amazu. Amashyiga, amashyiga akoresha inkwi, n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu bishingiraho kugira ngo bibe uruzitiro ruhamye kandi rudashyuha. Tekereza gucana umuriro mwiza mu cyumba cyawe cyo kubamo kugira ngo ibumba rifatanye amatafari yawe yo mu muriro risenye kandi rikuremo imyuka ihumanya—iyi ni yo ngaruka zo gukoresha ibumba ritagira ibara. Ibumba rihindura ibara ntirishobora kwihanganira gusa ibihe byo gushyushya no gukonjesha by'amazu yo mu rugo, ahubwo rinarwanya ingaruka mbi z'inkwi cyangwa amakara. Biroroshye kuvanga no gushyiramo, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza ku bafundi b'inzobere ndetse n'abakunda gukora ibintu byo kwiyubakira. Ba nyir'amazu bashora imari mu ibumba rishya cyangwa bavugurura ishaje bazasanga gukoresha ibumba rihindura ibara bituma uburyo bwabo bwo gushyushya bumara imyaka myinshi nta kibazo cy'umutekano.
Indi mikoreshereze y'ingenzi ni uburyo bwo gutunganya peteroli n'ibyuma. Inganda zitunganya, zitunganya imashini zishongesha, n'inganda zikora urufatiro rw'amabuye y'agaciro, ntabwo zikora ku bushyuhe bwinshi gusa, ahubwo zikora no ku bintu birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi—aside, alkali, n'ibyuma bishongesha byangiza mortilage isanzwe. Kuba mortilage idakora neza mu ibumba bituma iba nziza ku byuma bifasha mu gutunganya, mu byuma bishongesha, no mu byuma bisohora imyuka. Ikora uburyo bwo gufunga butuma ibintu biteza akaga biva mu kirere, bikarinda abakozi n'ibidukikije. Urugero, mu gushonga aluminium, mortilage ikoreshwa mu gushyira uturemangingo tw'amashanyarazi, aho irwanya ingese zituruka ku myunyungugu ya aluminium na fluoride. Uku kwizerwa ni yo mpamvu ari amahitamo meza mu nganda aho n'ikintu gito cyane gishobora kugira ingaruka mbi.
Ifuru ikora ibumba ridafite ubushyuhe kandi igira uruhare runini mu ziko za pizza no mu ziko z'ubucuruzi. Iziko za pizza zikoresha inkwi zikora ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 400°C na 500°C (752°F na 932°F), zisaba ifuru ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi idacitse cyangwa ngo itakaze gufatana. Abakora pizza b'umwuga n'abatetsi bo mu rugo biringira ifuru idafite ubushyuhe kugira ngo bubake kandi basane izi furu, kuko zituma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira neza kandi zikarinda umwotsi cyangwa ubushyuhe gusohoka. Mu ziko z'ubucuruzi, ikoreshwa mu gushyira ku muriro, mu ziko, no mu zindi ziko zishyushya cyane, ikomeza amahame y'isuku mu gukumira ko ibiryo byafatirwa mu ziko zacitse.
Ni iki gitandukanya ibumba rikora ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibindi bikoresho bikoresha ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibindi bikoresho bikoresha ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibindi? Uburyo rikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kandi rirahendutse. Bitandukanye n'ibumba rifite alumina nyinshi cyangwa silica, ryagenewe ubushyuhe bwinshi ariko rikaba rifite igiciro kiri hejuru, ibumba rikora ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye n'imikorere n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Riboneka mu buryo bw'ifu, rishobora kuvangwa n'amazi aho riherereye ku buryo rikenewe, rigabanya ikiguzi cy'imyanda n'ubwikorezi. Byongeye kandi, rifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane—abubatsi bashobora kuritunganya no kurinoza byoroshye, bigatuma amatafari ahuza neza.
Guhitamo ibumba rikwiye rikoreshwa mu gusya ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umushinga wawe ugere ku ntego zawo. Shaka ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa mu nganda, nka ASTM C199, igaragaza ibisabwa mu gusya ibumba rikoreshwa mu gusya. Tekereza ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukoresha, kuko hari ibumba rikoreshwa mu gusya ubushyuhe bwinshi kurusha ayandi. Ku mishinga y'inganda, hitamo ibumba rifite inyongeramusaruro zituma ubushyuhe budashobora gushyuha kandi budahindagurika. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha mu ngo, ibumba risanzwe rikoreshwa mu gusya rizaba rihagije ku mashyiga menshi n'amashyiga.
Mu gusoza, ibumba rihindura ibara ry'umukara ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu ikoreshwa ryose rijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kuva ku ziko ry'inganda kugeza ku mashyiga yo mu ngo, ritanga imbaraga, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe, no kuramba bikenewe kugira ngo inyubako zigume zifite umutekano kandi zikora neza. Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, uburyo buhendutse, no koroshya kuyikoresha bituma iba amahitamo meza ku banyamwuga n'abakora ibikoresho bitandukanye. Niba uteganya umushinga ukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, ntukishimire ibumba risanzwe—shora imari mu ibumba rihindura ibara ry'umukara kandi urebe neza ko akazi kawe kazakomeza igihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2025
