Amatafari yo mu ibumba: Ishingiro ryizewe mu rwego rw'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu nganda

Mu bikorwa byinshi byo gukora mu nganda, ahantu hashyuha cyane hatera imbogamizi zisanzwe. Haba mu nganda zikora ibyuma, ibikora mu birahuri, ibumba, cyangwa sima, ibikoresho byizewe birakenewe kugira ngo bihangane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bitume ibikoresho bikorerwamo bikomeza gukora neza kandi bikore neza. Nk'ibikoresho bishyuha kandi bimara igihe kirekire, amatafari y'ibumba afite uruhare runini mu nganda zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bitewe n'imikorere yazo ihebuje.

Umusaruro udasanzwe mu guhangana n'ibibazo by'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Amatafari akoreshwa mu ibumba agaragaza inyungu nyinshi zidasanzwe bitewe n’imiterere yayo yihariye ya shimi n’imiterere mito. Ibice byayo by’ingenzi ni ibumba na kaolini, kandi igice runaka cy’ibikoresho by’ibanze nk’umucanga wa quartz, bauxite, na gangue y’amakara bikunze kongerwamo. Uku guhuza ibikoresho by’ibanze byakozwe neza bibaha ubushobozi bwiza bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, amatafari akoreshwa mu ibumba ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 1000°C, kandi bimwe mu bikoresho byiza bishobora no kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 1500°C, bigatanga imbogamizi ikomeye yo kurinda ubushyuhe bwinshi ku musaruro w’inganda.

Byongeye kandi, amatafari y’ibumba akora neza cyane mu kurwanya ingese. Ibumba na kaolini biri mu bikoresho birimo silicate na aluminate nyinshi, bishobora kurwanya neza kwangirika kw’ibintu bitandukanye bya shimi nka aside, alkali, n’umunyu. Iyi miterere ituma bikundwa cyane mu nganda zifite ibisabwa byinshi byo kurwanya ingese, nk’inganda zikora imiti n’ibyuma, bigatuma ibikoresho bihora bikora neza mu buryo burambye mu bidukikije bigoye.

Mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubusaza bw'ibikoresho ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara. Ariko, amatafari y'ibumba arwanya kwangirika neza bitewe n'ubukana bwayo bwinshi n'ubucucike bwayo bwinshi. Ubuso bwayo ntibupfa kwangirika mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ishobora kugumana uburyohe n'imbaraga za mashini igihe kirekire, bigatuma igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho kirushaho kwiyongera kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyitaho.

Byongeye kandi, amatafari y’ibumba arwanya ubushyuhe afite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukingira ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe nka perlite yagutse na vermiculite yagutse bikunze kuba biri imbere bishobora gukumira ubushyuhe, bigira uruhare rwiza mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugabanya ubushyuhe butakaza, no kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu neza.

Porogaramu nyinshi zo kongera iterambere ry'inganda nyinshi
Kubera imikorere myiza cyane, amatafari y’ibumba yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda nyinshi.

Mu nganda zikora ibyuma, kuva ku ziko zishyushya, amatanura ashyushye kugeza ku ziko zifunguye n'amatanura akoresha amashanyarazi, amatafari y'ibumba ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi cyane. Nk'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo, ashobora kwihanganira gushwanyaguzwa no kwangirika kw'icyuma gishongeshejwe n'ibishishwa bishyushye cyane, bigatuma inzira y'ibyuma igenda neza kandi igatanga ahantu hahamye ho gushongesha ibyuma nk'icyuma.

Mu nganda zikora ibirahuri, amatanura ashongesha ibirahuri agomba gukora ku bushyuhe bwinshi igihe kirekire, kandi ibisabwa ku bikoresho bishongesha ni bikomeye cyane. Amatanura ashongesha ibirahuri yabaye amahitamo meza ku matanura ashongesha ibirahuri bitewe nuko adashobora gushyuha cyane, adashobora kwangirika, kandi adashobora gushyuha cyane. Ntabwo ashobora kwihanganira gusa kwangirika kw'ibirahuri bishongesha ubushyuhe bwinshi ahubwo anakomeza imiterere yayo mu gihe cy'impinduka z'ubushyuhe kenshi, bigatuma irahuri rikora neza.

Mu nganda zikora ibumba, amatanura nka za tunnel na shuttle furnaces zigomba kugenzura neza ubushyuhe n'ikirere mu gihe cyo gutwika ibikoresho bya ceramic. Kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwiza bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe no kubika ubushyuhe, amatafari y'ibumba ashobora gutanga ibidukikije bihamye byo gutwika ibikoresho bya ceramic, bigafasha kunoza ubwiza n'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bya ceramic.

Mu gikorwa cyo gukora sima, itanura rizunguruka ni cyo gikoresho cy'ingenzi, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukora buba buri hejuru cyane. Nk'ibikoresho byo mu itanura rizunguruka, amatafari y'ibumba ashobora kurwanya kwangirika no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bishyuha cyane, bigatuma itanura rizunguruka rikora neza igihe kirekire, kandi agatanga garanti y'imikorere myiza y'umusaruro wa sima.

Uburyo Bukuze n'Ubwiza Buhamye

Uburyo bwo gukora amatafari akoreshwa mu ibumba bwatejwe imbere kandi bunozwa uko igihe cyagiye gihita, ubu bumaze gukura neza. Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho by’ibanze byiza nka ibumba na kaolini bitoranywa neza kandi bigatunganywa neza. Hanyuma, ibikoresho by’ibanze bivangwa mu rugero rwiza kandi bigakorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukanda bukozwe mu buryo bwumye cyangwa bukozwe muri pulasitiki. Nyuma yo gukora, ibisate by’amatafari birumishwa kugira ngo bikureho ubushuhe bwinshi, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu itanura rishyushye cyane. Ku bushyuhe bwinshi buri hagati ya 1250°C na 1420°C, impinduka nyinshi zigaragara mu matafari, zigahinduka nk'ikirahure gihamye, bityo bikabona imiterere myiza yo kugabanya ubushuhe n'imikorere.

Ubu buryo bwo gukora butuma amatafari y’ibumba akomera kandi yizewe. Buri tafari rigenzurwa cyane, kandi imiterere yaryo, ingano yaryo, n’imiterere yaryo byujuje ibisabwa n’ibisabwa n’abakiriya. Yaba amatafari asanzwe cyangwa amatafari atandukanye afite imiterere yihariye, ashobora guhaza ibikenewe bitandukanye by’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’inganda.

Hitamo kugira ngo ubone amatafari meza cyane yo mu ibumba

Mu batanga amatafari menshi akoreshwa mu ibumba, turatandukanye cyane n'uburambe bwacu bw'imyaka myinshi mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora, hamwe na sisitemu ikomeye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Dufite itsinda ry'abahanga mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere rihora ryiyemeje kunoza no guhanga udushya mu mikorere y'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo rihuze n'ibyo abakiriya bacu bakeneye.

Ibikoresho byacu byo gukora ni ibigezweho, bituma umusaruro ukorwa ku rwego runini kandi bigatuma habaho ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa. Uko ingano y'ibyo waguze yaba ingana kose, dushobora kubitanga ku gihe. Ariko kandi, duha agaciro gakomeye serivisi ku bakiliya. Kuva ku nama ku bicuruzwa, gushushanya ibisubizo kugeza kuri serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, itsinda ry'abahanga rizaguha ubufasha bwuzuye n'ingwate.

Niba ushaka amatafari meza cyane y’ibumba kugira ngo aguhe ibisubizo byizewe byo kurinda ubushyuhe bwinshi ku musaruro wawe w’inganda, hitamo twe. Tuzagukorera tubikuye ku mutima kandi dufatanye nawe kugira ngo dushyireho ahazaza heza. Twandikire ubu kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku bicuruzwa n’ibiciro hanyuma utangire urugendo rwawe rwo kugura amatafari meza cyane y’ibumba.