Mu isi y’inganda zikora mu bushyuhe bwinshi, gushaka ibikoresho byizewe bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, isuri n’ingufu byangiritse ni ingenzi cyane.Ibumba rishobora guterwa, ibumba rishobora gushonga neza cyane rifite ibumba nk'ikintu gikuru gifata, ryagaragaye nk'igisubizo cy'ingenzi ku nganda nyinshi. Uruvange rwaryo rudasanzwe rwo kuramba, gukora neza, no kugabanya ikiguzi bituma rigira akamaro mu bihe aho imikorere mu bihe bikomeye idashoboka kuganirwaho. Hasi aha, turasuzuma ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi rya ibumba rishobora gushonga bigatuma rikundwa mu nzego z'inganda ku isi.
Imwe mu mikoreshereze y’ibanze y’icyuma gishongeshwa mu ibumba iri mu nganda zikora ibyuma, inkingi y’inganda zikomeye. Mu gukora ibyuma, ikoreshwa cyane mu gushyira imigozi, gushushanya no gutwika amatanura. Ibi bice bihora bihura n’icyuma gishongeshwa (kigera kuri 1,500°C cyangwa kirenga) n’ihungabana rikomeye ry’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gutwara. Ibumba rishongeshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi ririnda gucika no kwangirika, rigatuma ibikoresho bihora neza kandi rigagabanya ibyago byo kuva amazi. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, mu byuma bidakoresha feri—nk’umuringa, umuringa, na zinc—ishyira mu matanura ashongeshwa n’ibigega bifata. Irwanya ingese n’ibitero by’icyuma gishongeshwa byongera igihe cyo gukora ibi bintu by’ingenzi, bigagabanya igihe cyo kubisana no kubisimbuza.
Inganda zikora ibirahuri nazo zishingira cyane ku bikoresho byo gushonga ibumba mu bikorwa byazo bigoye. Amatanura ashongesha ikirahuri akora ku bushyuhe burenga 1600°C, aho ikirahuri gishongesha gikora ibintu bishyushye cyane ku bikoresho byo gushonga ikirahuri. Ikirahuri gishongesha ibumba gikoreshwa mu gushyira ku nkuta z'itanura, ku makamba, no ku bikoresho bivugurura, bitanga uruzitiro rukomeye ku bushyuhe bukabije n'ibyuka byangiza ikirahuri. Ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kugumana ubuziranenge bw'imiterere mu gihe kirekire gihoraho butuma ikirahuri kiguma neza kandi kikagabanya ihagarara ry'umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, gikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gukora ikirahuri nk'ibibumbano n'ibigega, aho kudashira kwayo birinda inenge ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma by'ibirahuri.
Mu rwego rwa peteroli n'ubuziranenge, ibumba rishobora gucukurwamo ibyuma rigira uruhare runini mu bikorwa birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibikoresho bikomeye. Rishyira ku mashyiga asesagura, abavugurura, n'ibikoresho bya katalisiti, bikora ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 1.200°C kandi rigafata imyuka yangiza, amavuta, na katalisiti. Ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho ku isuri ya shimi ituruka kuri karubone, aside na alkali birinda ibikoresho kwangirika, bigatuma bikora neza kandi mu mutekano. Rikoreshwa kandi mu byuma bitanga umuriro n'imiyoboro ya gaze y'amazi mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, aho rihangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'uduce twangiza dutwarwa n'imyuka yangiza, rikongera imikorere myiza y'ingufu kandi rigabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.
Inganda za sima n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi zungukira ku buryo ibumba rikoresha ibikoresho byo mu itanura. Amatanura azunguruka ya sima akora ku bushyuhe buri hafi 1,450°C, aho igitambaro cyayo gihura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ingaruka za mekanike zituruka ku bikoresho fatizo, ndetse n'ibitero bya shimi bituruka ku bintu bya alkali na sulfate. Ibumba rikoreshwa mu itanura, ahantu hatwikwa, n'inkubi z'umuyaga zikoreshwa mbere y'igihe, ritanga urwego ruramba kandi rudashyuha rutuma itanura rikora neza kandi rigakomeza igihe cyaryo cyo gukora. Rikoreshwa kandi mu matanura y'indimu n'amatanura ya ceramic, aho ubushobozi bwaryo bwo gukora butuma byoroha gucukura mu buryo bugoye, bigahuza n'imiterere yihariye ya buri gice cy'itanura.
Uretse izi nganda z'ingenzi, ibumba rikoreshwa mu nganda zitwika imyanda n'ibikoresho bitunganya ubushyuhe. Mu nganda zikoresha imyanda mu gutanga ingufu, rishyira ibikoresho bitwika imyanda n'ibyumba bitwikwa, rihangana n'ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 1.000 cyangwa zirenga kandi rirwanya ingese zituruka ku myuka yangiza n'ivu. Ubushobozi bwaryo bwo guhangana n'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga butuma imyanda itabwa mu buryo bwizewe mu gihe ririnda inyubako y'ibikoresho bitwika imyanda. Mu nganda zikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubushyuhe—nk'ingufu zo gutwika, gukonjesha no gushyushya—ibumba rikoresha ibikoresho bishyushya imyanda n'ibyumba bishyushya, rigumana ubushyuhe bumwe kandi ritanga igisubizo kirambye cyo kugabanya ingese.
Igituma ibumba rishobora gucukurwamo ibintu bitandukanye ni uko rishobora guhinduka. Rishobora kuvangwa byoroshye n'amazi rigashyirwa mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, bigatuma rikoreshwa mu bikoresho binini by'inganda ndetse n'ibikoresho byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye. Kuba rirahendutse ku giciro, ugereranije n'ibikoresho bidasanzwe, bituma riba amahitamo meza ku bigo bishaka kuringaniza imikorere n'ingengo y'imari. Haba mu byuma, ibirahure, ibikomoka kuri peteroli, sima, cyangwa gucunga imyanda, ibumba rishobora gucukurwamo ibintu bitanga umusaruro uhoraho, rigabanya ibyago byo gukora no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire.
Ku bakora inganda bashaka igisubizo cyizewe cyo kugabanya ubushyuhe, gihuye n'ibikenewe mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ibumba rishobora gucukurwa ni igisubizo. Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, hamwe no kuramba cyane no gukora neza, bituma iba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu nganda zigezweho. Shora imari muri ibumba rishobora gucukurwa uyu munsi maze wibonere itandukaniro mu mikorere, imikorere myiza, no kuramba kw'ibikoresho byawe by'ingenzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-12-2025
