Intangiriro
Mu nganda zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi—kuva mu bukorikori bw'ibyuma kugeza mu gukora ibirahure—ibikoresho biremereye ni byo shingiro ry'ibikorwa bitekanye kandi binoze. Muri ibyo,amatafari ya mulliteBigaragara cyane kubera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kudahungabana mu bushyuhe, kurwanya ingese, ndetse n'imbaraga za mekanike. Gusobanukirwa ishyirwa mu byiciro n'ikoreshwa ryabyo ni ingenzi ku bigo bishaka kunoza igihe cy'ibikoresho no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora. Iyi nkuru isobanura ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'amatafari ya mullite n'ikoreshwa ryayo mu buzima busanzwe, ikagufasha gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku byo ukeneye mu nganda zawe.
Urutonde rw'amatafari ya Mullite
Amatafari ya Mullite ashyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kuyakora n'ibindi bikoresho byongewemo, buri kimwe gihujwe n'ibyo inganda zikeneye.
1. Amatafari ya Sintered Mullite
Amatafari ya sintered mullite yakozwe mu kuvanga alumina na silica ifite ubuziranenge buhanitse, ikayahinduramo ishusho, hanyuma ikayaca ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 1600°C, afite imiterere myinshi kandi afite imyenge mike (ubusanzwe ari munsi ya 15%). Iyi miterere imuha ubushobozi bwo kudashira no kudashyuha cyane—ni byiza cyane mu bidukikije bifite ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe kenshi. Ikoreshwa risanzwe ririmo amatafari ya ceramic, amatafari ashyushye ya blast furnace, n’ibyumba byo gutwika bya boiler.
2. Amatafari ya Mullite akozwe mu buryo bwa Fused-Casted
Amatafari ya mullite akozwe mu gushongesha ibikoresho fatizo (alumina, silica) mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi (rirenga 2000°C) hanyuma agashyiramo imvange yashongeshejwe mu ibumba, afite urwego rwo hasi rw’umwanda kandi afite ubuziranenge buhanitse bwa kristali. Arwanya cyane isuri ya shimi (urugero, ituruka ku kirahure cyashongeshejwe cyangwa slags) bituma aba amahitamo meza yo gukoresha mu kuvugurura itanura ry’ibirahure, mu bwogero bw’ibirahure birebire, n’ibindi bikoresho bishyirwa mu bikoresho bishongeshejwe bikomeye.
3. Amatafari yoroheje ya Mullite
Yakozwe no kongeramo ibintu bihindura imyenge (urugero, umukungugu w'ibiti, grafiti) mu gihe cyo gukora, amatafari yoroheje ya mullite afite imyenge ya 40-60% kandi afite ubucucike buri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ubwoko bwa sintered cyangwa fused-cast. Akamaro kayo k'ingenzi ni ikirere gito cy'ubushyuhe (0.4-1.2 W/(m·K)), bigabanya ubushyuhe. Akoreshwa cyane nk'ibikoresho byo gukingira mu itanura, mu itanura, no mu bikoresho byo gutunganya ubushyuhe, aho uburemere n'ingufu ari byo by'ingenzi.
4. Amatafari ya Zircon Mullite
Mu gushyiramo zircon (ZrSiO₄) mu mvange y’ibikoresho fatizo, amatafari ya zircon mullite abona ubushobozi bwo gukora neza mu bushyuhe bwinshi—ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1750°C no kurwanya isuri iterwa n’ibintu bihumanya. Ibi bituma aba akwiriye ahantu habi nko mu matanura y’icyuma adakoresha feri (urugero: utunyangingo twa aluminiyumu dugabanya ubushyuhe) n’ahantu hatwikirwa sima.
Imikoreshereze ya Mullite Bricks
Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha amatafari butuma aba ingenzi cyane mu nganda nyinshi zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.
1. Inganda z'ibyuma
Umusaruro w'icyuma ukubiyemo ubushyuhe bukabije (kugeza kuri 1800°C) n'ibisigazwa byangiza. Amatafari ya sintered mullite ashyira ku ziko zishyushye, aho ubushyuhe bwazo budashobora gucika vuba. Ubwoko bwa fused-cast burinda indobo n'ibisigazwa by'amazi, bigabanya isuri y'ibisigazwa kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibikoresho ku kigero cya 20-30% ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo bwo kubyaza umusaruro.
2. Inganda za sima
Amatanura azunguruka ya sima akora kuri 1450–1600°C, aho ibishishwa bya alkaline bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusukura. Amatafari ya Zircon mullite akikije ahantu hatwikwa n'itanura, arwanya ibitero bya alkali kandi agakomeza kuba imiterere myiza. Amatafari ya mullite yoroheje kandi akora nk'ibice byo gushyiramo ingufu, agagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 10–15%.
3. Inganda z'ibirahuri
Ikirahure cyashongeshejwe (1500–1600°C) kirangiza cyane, bigatuma amatafari ya mullite avanze akenerwa cyane mu kuvugurura itanura ry'ibirahure n'aho bashyira ibigega. Birinda kwanduza ikirahure kandi byongera igihe cyo gukora itanura kugeza ku myaka 5–8, kiva ku myaka 3–5 hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho.
4. Izindi nganda
Mu gushonga ibyuma bidakoresha icyuma (aluminium, umuringa), amatafari ya zircon mullite arwanya icyuma gishongeshejwe n’isuri y’ibishishwa. Mu binyabutabire bya peteroli, amatafari ya sintered mullite ashyira mu itanura risenyuka bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwaryo. Mu byuma bya ceramic, amatafari ya mullite yoroheje akingira amatanura, bigagabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.
Umwanzuro
Ubwoko butandukanye bw'amatafari ya Mullite - akozwe mu buryo bwa sintered, akozwe mu buryo bwa furnace, yoroheje, na zircon - ahura n'ibikenewe byihariye by'inganda zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kuva ku kongera imikorere myiza y'amatafari y'icyuma kugeza ku kongera igihe cyo kumara amatafari y'ibirahure, atanga inyungu zifatika: igihe kirekire cyo kumara ibikoresho, ikiguzi gito cy'ingufu, no kugabanya igihe cyo gukora. Uko inganda zikomeza gukora umusaruro mwinshi no kuramba, amatafari ya Mullite azakomeza kuba igisubizo cy'ingenzi. Hitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo gukoresha, kandi ufungure ubushobozi bwabwo bwose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Ukwakira 2025
